Manned space stations
Last update: 31 May 2023
Designation / alternate name(s) |
Country of origin / programme partners |
Nominal orbital parameters (apogee x perigee, inclination) |
Pressurised volume |
Launch (first segment) |
De-orbit | In service / occupied |
Successful visits crewed spacecraft |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Salyut 1 (DOS-1) | Soviet Union | 222 km x 200 km, 51.60° | 99 m³ | 19/04/1971 | 11/10/1971 | 24 days | 1 | |
Almaz 101.1 – OPS-1 (Salyut 2) | Soviet Union | 278 km x 257 km, 51.60° | 99 m³ | 03/04/1973 | 28/05/1973 | 0 | 0 | severly damaged by debris from Proton-K's upper stage that had exploded three days after launch |
Skylab | USA | 442 km x 434 km, 50.00° | 351.6 m³ | 14/05/1973 | 11/07/1979 | 171 days | 3 | |
Almaz 101.2 – OPS-2 (Salyut 3) | Soviet Union | 270 km x 219 km, 51.60° | 90 m³ | 25/06/1974 | 24/01/1975 | 15 days | 1 | |
Salyut 4 (DOS-4) | Soviet Union | 270 km x 219 km, 51.60° | 90 m³ | 26/12/1974 | 03/02/1977 | 92 days | 2 | |
Almaz 103 – OPS-3 (Salyut 5) | Soviet Union | 269 km x 223 km, 51.60° | 100 m³ | 22/06/1976 | 08/08/1977 | 67 days | 2 | |
Salyut 6 (DOS-5) | Soviet Union | 275 km x 219 km, 51.66° | 90 m³ | 29/09/1977 | 29/07/1982 | 683 days | 16 | first "second generation" space station |
Salyut 7 (DOS-6) | Soviet Union | 278 km x 219 km, 51.60° | 90 m³ | 19/04/1982 | 07/02/1991 | 816 days | 10 | testbed for transition from monolithic to modular space stations |
Mir | Soviet Union (Russia) | 374 km x 354 km, 51.60° | 350 m³ | 20/02/1986 | 23/03/2001 | 4,592 days | 39 | |
International Space Station (ISS) | USA, Russia, EU, Japan, Canada | 422 km x 418 km, 51.64° | 915.6 m³ | 20/11/1998 | – | > 24 years | 112 | |
Tiangong 1 | China | 362 km x 355 km, 42.77° | 15 m³ | 29/09/2011 | 02/04/2018 | 20 days | 2 | |
Tiangong 2 | China | 378 km x 370 km, 42.79° | 15 m³ | 15/09/2016 | 19/07/2019 | 26 days | 1 | |
Tiangong Space Station (TSS) | China | 395 km x 390 km, 41.58° | 110 m³ | 29/04/2021 | – | > 2 years | 5 | |
DOS = Durable Orbital Station (civilian) | OPS = Orbital Piloted Station (military) | 194 |